ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION Essay Example for Free

ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION Essay ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION In a lifetime, everyone will face personal battles and guilt, some large and some small. Such as guilt over sneaking out, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. People find peace of mind through redeeming themselves, in other words, we do something that makes up for the cause of guilt. Khaled Hosseinis novel The Kite Runner revolves around betrayal and redemption. Redemption is the act of saying or being saved from sin, error or evil, which the main character Amir seems to need the most. Amir lives with the guilt he has built up over the years because of one incident from his childhood. Amirs fathers words still echo through his head A boy who wont stand up for himself becomes a man who cant stand up to anything. –pg. 24 Although Amir destroyed the lives of many people, and he has had more than one opportunity to redeem himself of his guilt, he is not the selfish little boy he once was. How often does one stop and think, How will this affect everyone else in my life? Amir had a chance in the alley, to put Hassan first and change the path of both their lives, but he made the decision to turn around and run because it was what he thought was best for him: I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan – the way hed stood up for me all those times in the past – and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me. I was afraid of getting hurt. Thats what I told myself as I turned my back to the alley, to Hassan. Thats what I made myself believe. I actually aspired to cowardice, because the alternative, the real reason I was running, was that Assef was right: Nothing was free in this world. Maybe Hassan was the price I had to pay, the lamb I had to slay, to win Baba. –pg.77 Amirs selfish ways were a result of the lack of his fathers affection in his life. As a young boy, he was forced to deal with his fathers disinterest in him, which made him incredibly jealous of Hassan. Amir could not understand at the time, why his father adored his servants son more  than his own son. As the tension increases between Amir and Hassan, Amir can no longer stand to see Hassan everyday because of what Amir had not stopped and he could not bare seeing his father showing Hassan love and not him. Hassan and his father are forced to leave their home after Amir places his watch under Hassans pillow and accuses him of stealing it. Hassan did not even deny the accusations because he had figured out what Amir was doing. Hassan knew. He knew I had betrayed him and yet he was rescuing me once again, maybe for the last time. –pg.111 Even after the alleged theft of the watch, Amirs father is willing to forgive Hassan, which stunned Amir, and made him see that the love his father has for Hassan is greater than he imagined. Amir did not just ruin Hassans life; he also ruined the lives of many people with his decisions after the incident in the alley. Baba lost a chance to watch his son, Hassan, grow up and also lost the chance to bring him to America so he could start a new life. Sohrab lost both his parents to war because they were still living in Afghanistan, lost his childhood to war, and tried to commit suicide as a result of Amir going back on his promise to keep him safe from orphanages. Soraya lost her right to the truth when Amir kept his past a secret even though she opened up to him about hers. It is one thing to destroy your own life with guilt, but it is a completely different issue when you destroy the lives of others. Before Amir can go on the road to redemption, Amir must realize that he cant go back and change what he has done as a child, and he must find inner peace. Although if it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place but by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. From the moment he chose to turn his back on Hassan, there were many chances where Theres a way to be good again –pg.238 for all his wrongdoings, but he chose not to take any of these. Sohrab was his last and only chance for redemption. I have a wife in America, a home, a career and a family. But how could I pack up and go back home when my actions may have cost Hassan a chance at those very same things? And what Rahim Khan revealed to me changed things. Made me see how my entire life, long before the winter of 1975, dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nursing me, had been a cycle of lies betrayals and secrets. –pg.238 Amir admits that he cost Hassan a chance at a good life and that he had many opportunities to change the outcome of Hassans life. But at this moment he realized he could lose everything he has built in America, but for the first time in his life, Amir did not care about only himself, he came to terms with what he had done, and he was ready to redeem himself at any cost. Amir finally became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Throughout his childhood, Amir looked for his fathers affection and he never could get it. His father had said Im telling you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy. –pg.24 Amirs father would have been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had wanted from him. The guilt that was built over the years was finally put to rest at the safety of Sohrab. In Afghanistan when Amir stood up for Sohrab and Assef aggressively beat him up, Amir had said My body was broken—just how badly I wouldnt find out until later—but I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. –pg.289 which showed Amir had come to terms with what he had done as a child and was finally felt relieved. Although he was getting beat up, it did not matter anymore, he just wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and maybe he would have earned his redemption in that alley.

Ted Bundy :: essays research papers

Ted Bundy Ted Bundy's Trail of Terror From the Beginning of Taking Life Until The End of His Life Serial killers tend to be white heterosexual males in their twenties and thirties. While it is impossible to predict who will become a serial killer there are traits that appear to be similar in all killers. These behaviors include cruelty to animals, bedwetting, lying, drug and alcohol abuse, and a history of violence. According to Robert Ressler et al., "serial homicide involves the murder of separate of separate victims with time breaks between victims, as minimal as two days to weeks or months. These time breaks are referred to as a cooling off period." Because homicides involving multiple victims is gradually becoming more commonplace, and to facilitate an understanding of the aforementioned definition, it is helpful to differentiate serial murder from other types of murder, such as mass murder, which involves,"four or more victims killed within a short time span," and spree killings, which Ressler et al. defines as "a series of sequential homicides connected to one event committed over a time period of hours to days and without a cooling off period." Ted Bundy is one of the worst serial killers in history. His antisocial personality and psychotic character made him feared across the country. After all was said and done Ted left behind a trail of bloody slayings that included the deaths of 36 young women and spanned through four states. The biggest question in many people's mind was how could someone as intelligent,highly accomplished, and praised as Bundy do such a thing? Theodore Robert Bundy was born November 24th, 1946 in Burlinton, Vermont to a 21 year old mother. Ted's mom never told him much about his father except that he was in the armed forces and they had only dated a few times. Ted was left in foster care for two months while his mom and parents decided what to do with him. In 1946 an illegitimate child was extremely looked down upon by society. Once they decided to keep Ted his grandparents told everyone he was their adopted son. Ted knew who his biological mom was, but outsiders were told that she was his sister. Ted adored his grandfather. His grandfather was also particularly fond of Ted. He remembered camping and fishing trips he and his grandfather would go on. Other family members describe his grandfather as an ill-tempered tyrant. He was racist, intolerant, and a perfectionist. He expected everyone to meet his demands. His grandfather was also verbally abusive toward other family members and physically abusive toward his wife.

Hr Manuel-Hbm Pharmaceuticals Lahore Essay

There are certain easons behind adapting the employee recommendations intensively. Firstly, current employees know the best about the jobs need to be filled so, they can better recommend person who can better perform the particular jobs. Secondly, current employees will never suggest an applicant unless they make sure that he or she can perform confidently in front of managers. Because sending incapable applicant distort the image of employee who is promoting new applicant. 3. 1. 2. External searches: Other sources of recruitment are newspaper advertisements. This is the most popular method the company uses when it wants to publicly announce about its vacancies. Besides, HBM also use notifications pasting on different locations like walls and polls. The notification carries information of ‘Argent need of medical representative†. This help company to generate wide pool of applicant for the recruitment purpose Recommendations: Our company HBM uses advertisements for recruitment but company should also use the cyberspace method for recruitment. This method will ultimately help company to reduce its recruitment cost. Universities and collages notifications: HBM should use university and collages as sources of recruitment. Company should place information on the universities and collages notice boards and the websites. There company can capture fresh candidates. This method is also a cost effective method and beneficial for the recruitment. 3. 2. Selection phase: Company selection criteria include number of step the candidate has to pass through. 3. 2. 1. Initial screening: At this stage of selection, criterion company see that if candidate is fulfilling the minimum qualification, the candidate who meets the minimum qualification standard is then passed and eligible for the next coming stage. Rests of the candidates are rejected. 3. 2. 2. Completed application: HBM use a simple application form which contains simple questions like Name, Address, Telephone and Other personal information. It may include candidate’s experience, education and other experience certificates. Upon verification, if company finds any information faked, the candidate can be rejected. 3. 2. 3. Employment test: Because HBM’s major workforce is SPO (Sales Promotion Officer), merely SPO’s are required to qualify in the test. This simple test is based on memory the candidate is required to memorize medicine literature then his pronunciation, speaking fluency is checked. The pass candidates proceed for the next stage. In contrast, HBM does not take any test for candidates who are striving for other professions like accountant, storekeeper and security guard. Comprehensive interview: Here directors and zonal sales managers take the comprehensive interview. Applicant’s confidence and its emotional stability are checked here. Almost all candidates, belong to different knowledge background are required to pass through the comprehensive interview in order to check their confidence level. 3. 2. 5. Unconditional Job offers: After the comprehensive interview if applicants perform intelligently, HBM will offer conditional or unconditional job. Recommendations: HBM should use employment test for accountants, storekeepers and other applicants in order to measure applicant’s abilities, communication skills and analytical skills. Depending, which applicant fall in which category that’s how company can fill vacancy with who is better fit for the particular job. SPO’s should also be given test to gauge their selling techniques as they spend most of their time in selling medicine. SPO’s personal grooming should be give significant importance during hiring process. For Accountant position, HBM must take test to make sure their analytical skills 4. Socialization and Orientation Plan: Loneliness and a feeling of isolation are not unusual for new employees-they need special attention to put them at ease. So, the organization must follow the socialization process to update each new employee about the values and norms of working at HBM Pharmaceuticals. 4. 1. Socialization Process: †¢ Pre-arrival stage: The organization will use selection process to inform prospective employees about the organization as a whole. †¢ Encounter stage: If the new employees found the differences between their expectations about job and reality then these employees should be socialized to detach them from their previous assumptions and replace these with the organizations’ pivotal standards. †¢ Metamorphosis stage: Higher management will provide help to recently hired employees in case of any problem they faced during working in the organization. Each individual should be informed about the evaluation process. That is, they’ve gained an understanding of what criteria will be used to measure and appraise their work. A trusted environment should be developed and maintained by the higher management so that each employee should feel comfortable to work with the organization. Socialization of new employees can also be possible through the new-employee orientation process. 4. 2. New-employee Orientation Process: Activities that introduce new employees to the organization and their work units are the part of orientation. 4. 2. 1. The CEO’s Role in Orientation: The CEO as the head of the company’s executive management should participate in the orientation process to encourage new employees to work for this organization and also let the new employees to talk about their concerns. The CEO should visit each regional office at the announced date for at least once in a month to meet collectively with all new employees. 4. 2. 2 HRM’s Role in Orientation: The role of Human Resource Department is very important in the orientation because generally this department is responsible for recruiting and selection process. Currently, as there is no functional HR Department in the HBM Pharmaceuticals, so it is the duty of Director Sales and Zonal Sales Managers (ZSM’s) to play their role by conducting the official gatherings where the new employees will meet with the old employees and their interactions will develop. If the new employee is hire as Regional Sales Manager (RGM) or Zonal Sales Manager (ZSM) then The CEO will be present at the orientation ceremony. If the new employee is hired at other position, except that mentioned above, than the ZSM’s are responsible for orientation. ZSM should offer these new employees what else he/she can do for them in the future. 5. Training and Development Plan: 5. 1. Employee Training: There are two types of training available in HBM Pharmaceuticals: one for the new hiring and the other is for the existing employees. 5. 1. 1. New employees: Training is only available for new hiring as Sales Promotion Officer (SPO). It is mandatory that new employees for all other positions available should be experienced and they should have the skill set required for the specific job. 5. 1. 2. Existing employees: Major portion of job positions in HBM Pharmaceuticals is sales oriented. If the employee at certain level is not fulfilling his/her responsibilities according to the job description then he/she will be offered a training session by his/her immediate officer. In that meeting, problem should be discussed with the targeted employee and try to identify the potential solution for that problem. If the officer recommends then the employee should be sent on training. Training can also be offered in such a case if the existing employee is promoted from one position to other position and the management perceives that training is needed to enhance the skill set and abilities of the employee. 5. 2. Determining training needs: 5. 2. 1. SPO: The job of Sales Promotion Officer is very critical for the organization. Newly hired SPO should be offered 1 month training: to enhance his/her subjective knowledge about the products; to increase communication skills; and to develop the interpersonal skills to work as a team. Existing SPO’s have to fulfill their targets. If any SPO is unable to fulfill his/her target then RSM/ZSM will discuss the matter with him/her at weekly meeting. RSM/ZSM will try to identify and solve the problem. If the SPO can not improve his/her performance after the counseling session then RSM/ZSM can recommend a training session for the particular employee. 5. 2. 2. Office staff: Training will be offered to office staff if working pattern has changed in the organization. For example: by implementing new technology equipment, or the addition of new process in the job description of office staff. 5. 2. 3. RSM/ZSM: These are experienced staff. Their responsibilities are also high because it is their duty to manage a group of subordinates. Managerial level skills are required for that job. If the employee at this position has some problem regarding his/her attitude or leading a team then Director Sales can recommend a training session to enhance their interpersonal skills as well as their leadership skills. 5. 2. 4. The CEO and Director Sales: HBM Pharmaceuticals is a partnership concern and it is owned by two persons: one is CEO and other is Director Sales. So, training is the personal discretion of these two individuals. If they think that through training, they can manage their business more effectively then they can go for a training session. 5. 3. Training Methods: There are several methods which can be used by the management to train their employees according to their needs and the job position. 5. 3. 1. SPO: For new joining SPO’s, it is most appropriate to use â€Å"classroom lectures† to train them because this is the method used to increase their subjective skills. It will also helpful for them to enhance their communication skills. For existing SPO’s to increase their productivity, RSM/ZSM should meet them personally and give them personal support. Due to this meeting, the problem will be solved and along with benefit, SPO’s morale will be increased. 5. 3. 2. RSM/ZSM: Classroom lectures as well as On-the-Job Training Methods are used to train RSM/ZSM. Director Sales will recommend the most appropriate method according to the situation and problem. 5. 4. Employee Development: Employee development focuses more on the employee’s personal growth. Successful employees prepared for positions of greater responsibility have analytical, human, conceptual and specialized skills. 5. 4. 1. Employee Development Methods: There are several methods which are used to develop managerial and non-managerial staff. Appropriate method selection will depends on situation. 5. 4. 2. Developing Office Staff: Job Rotation is the appropriate and recommended method to develop office staff. The concerned authority can choose horizontal or vertical Job Rotation to develop office staff according to the skill set of the staff. 5. 4. 3. Developing SPO to Senior SPO: Job Rotation is a good method to develop the abilities of SPO so that he/she can become Senior SPO. Vertical Job Rotation can be selected for this situation. 5. 4. 4. Developing Senior SPO to RSM: RSM is quite big position for senior SPO. So it is recommended that â€Å"Assistant-to-Position method† should be used to develop senior SPO to RSM. Senior SPO will work as an assistant to RSM to get in depth knowledge of the responsibilities of RSM and he/she can develop himself/herself in a better way according to the new responsibilities. 5. 4. 5. Developing RSM to ZSM: RSM and ZSM both are managerial positions and the position holders are experienced professionals. The only difference is the level of responsibility. ZSM is responsible for the sales of whole zone which is a quite big responsibility. Therefore, it is recommended that â€Å"Assistant-to-Position Method† and â€Å"Lecture courses and Seminars† are used to enhance the decision making skills of RSM and to improve more team management skills. 5. 4. 6. Developing ZSM to Director Sales: In the current organization settings, ZSM can only become Director if he/she became the partner of HBM Pharmaceuticals. It is recommended that the position of Director Sales should not be fixed for Partners and ZSM should be developed to this position on the base of his/her performance. 6. Performance Appraisals: Performance appraisals must convey to employees how well they have performed on established goals. It’s also desirable to have these goals and performance measures mutually set between the employee and the supervisor. 6. 1. Appraisal Methods: There are several methods which are used by management to evaluate employee performance. According to the nature of business of HBM Pharmaceuticals, we are recommending a method called â€Å"Using Achieved Outcomes to Evaluate Employees† or â€Å"Management by Objectives (MBO)†. 6. 1. 1. Management by Objectives (MBO): Four ingredients are common to MBO program: 6. 1. 1. 1. Goal specificity: The objectives in MBO should be concise statements of expected accomplishments. Tangible objectives should be expressed in the statements. 6. 1. 1. 2. Participative Decision Making: Participative decision making should be used by manager and employees, in setting objectives and agrees on how they will be achieved. As the interests of managers and employees are directly linked with stretched objectives and achievement of these objectives then they will definitely put their maximum effort to achieve those objectives. 6. 1. 1. 3. An explicit time period: Each objective has a concise time, too, in which it is to be completed. In our situation, it is 1 month. 6. 1. 1. 4. Performance Feedback: Continuous feedback on performance and goals are recommended. Twice a week meeting should be conducted by ZSM to get performance feedback and to discuss the routine matters with the field staff and to countercheck the performance whether the sales are meting the monthly goal plan. 6. 2. Performance Evaluation Standards and Appraisals: There are different performance evaluation standards for different positions: 6. 2. 1. Office Staff: If the office staff performs their responsibilities according to their Job Description then their salary will be increased by Rs. 500 quarterly. If the employee performance is excellent from consecutive 3 months then a special pay raise can be offered by the Director Sales. 6. 2. 2. SPO: Each SPO has some sales targets given by RSM/ZSM. It is his/her responsibility to fulfill those targets. Performance Appraisal meetings should be conducted at the end of each quarter. Upon the achievement of 80% targets for consecutive 4 months: 30% basic pay rise. Upon the achievement of 80% targets for consecutive 3 months: 20% basic pay rise. 6. 2. 3. RSM/ZSM: Upon the achievement of 80% targets for consecutive 4 months: 30% basic pay rise.

The Origins Of The World - 1513 Words

Every word has an origin. Some are only newly minted, having been brought into use, usually, by the younger generation. These often have their origins in an existing word as a shortening or pidgin form with a slightly or, occasionally, even wholly altered meaning. Some are ancient and can trace their roots back practically to the dawn of man. Many have their origins in a language other than English having originated, perhaps, in France, Germany, Egypt, Rome, or even in the Nordic tradition to name but a few possibilities. According to the writers of the Merriam-Webster dictionary, over one hundred and twenty languages have been used to form the words we use today. Also, according to these same authors, these words can be formed by any one or a combination of several methods. Sometimes words are formed by what is known as â€Å"clipping.† This occurs when the front or back part of a word is â€Å"clipped off† to form a new word with the same meaning, such as â€Å"exam† from â€Å"examination.† Other times the word is created by â€Å"back-formation,† where the prefix or suffix has been removed to form a new word. â€Å"Cherry† from the original word â€Å"cherise† would be an example of this. The most common method of creating new word is from bits of other, older words, prefixes, suffixes and roots combined together in differing ways to create new words. An example of this would be â€Å"brunch† having been formed from â€Å"breakfast† and â€Å"lunch.† Merriam-Webster names acronym formations as the most pleasing to theShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of The World1797 Words   |  8 Pagesthe people who time almost forgot, the people whose story did not get told, the people Viking warri ors would have not even existed without. 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Furthermore, he goes on to explain that each of the European countrys leaders did, or failed to do ‘certain things to provoke the other countries into a war. Fay states, One must abandon the dictum of the Versailles Treaty that Germany and her allies were solely resp onsible. It was a dictumRead More Essay On Origins Of World War1510 Words   |  7 Pages The thesis in the article ‘The origins of the World War’, by Sidney B. Fay, can clearly be stated as the explanation for World War I. Fay states that no one country is responsible for the creation of the war. Furthermore, he goes on to explain that each of the European country’s leaders did, or failed to do ‘certain’ things to provoke the other countries into a war. Fay states, â€Å"One must abandon the dictum of the Versailles Treaty that Germany and her allies were solely responsible. 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Comparison between English Law framework and Malaysian Law framework - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3101 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Abstract This report concentrates on tow of those frameworks, the English legitimate framework and the Malasysian lawful framework However, distinguishing that this frameworks of equity cant be completely seen in separation, we start with a short remark on the UK and MY are sacred plans to show how this frameworks will be essential result of the idea that is ordinarily alluded to as the principle of law. Content of list: Introduction 4 English legal system 5 Primary legislation 5 Secondary legislation 5 The English courts 6 Judicial Precedent 6 Statutory interpretation 7 Malaysian legal system 8 Legislative Authority – Source of Primary Legislation 9 EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY Source of Subsidiary Legislation 10 Judicial Authority 11 Conclusion 13 Reference list 14 Introduction In the event that posing the question, why if I comply with the law?, inquiries something we typically underestimate, then we are blessed to have had that extravagance previously. Many nations dont have the profit of the guideline of law or an arrangement of equity that is consistently connected without apprehension, support or preference. In later times and particularly since the late development of worldwide terrorism, we must get to be progressively mindful that we can no more take the profits of a general legitimate framework for allowed. The Rule of Law is the establishment of acculturated social order. It builds a transparent methodology available and equivalent to all. It guarantees adherence to standards that both free and ensure. Reality, obviously, is that everybody does not generally comply with the law, nor is there dependably an agreement on what the law is or ought to be. However, the support of life in a present day majority rule government obliges an ability f rom most subjects for more often than not to watch the laws, actually when exclusively they may not concur with them. The standard of law, consequently, concerns the way of the legitimate connections between people and between the people and the state. It additionally concerns the extent of techniques through which the law overseeing those connections might be implemented and directed. Principal topics that have developed out of the idea of the standard of law as it has created in the UK are, for example: †¢That the law should not be arbitrarily or capriciously administered by those in powers. †¢That all people are equal before the law. †¢That there should be a system to apply and interpret the law fairly and for all citizens. English legal system: Primary legislation In Britain, primary legislation is statutory and takes the type of an Act of Parliament. Usually, something like 80 or thereabouts Acts of Parliament accept Royal Assent every year. Before it gets to be law, an Act is known as a Bill and passes through the parliamentary process in draft structure being liable to verbal confrontation, alterations and examination by both Houses of Parliament. Once the Bill has been given the consent of the Monarch it turns into an Act of Parliament. However, an Act may not get to be legitimately powerful upon the arrival of its consent, as the legislature may accommodate an alternate day(s) to be designated on which the laws in the Act will come into energy. An Act of Parliament can generally just be corrected by passing an alternate Act of Parliament holding those alterations. The House of Lords used to have the capacity to keep Bills from getting to be law even where the House of Commons voted energetic about them. It is presently acknowledged that this force is constrained by the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949. It is workable for the House of Lords to postpone a Bill (separated from an alleged cash bill i.e. bills joined with the plan) for up to one year after which the legislature can re-present the Bill and on the off chance that it passes in the House of Commons for a brief moment time, it then gets to be law. The predominating will of the House of Commons is because of Mps being the equitably chosen delegates of the nationals. Despite this, the force is utilized once in a while and most as of late in the questionable passing of the Hunting Act 2004.Secondary legislation Numerous individuals dont understand the gigantic measure of auxiliary enactment made under the power of an Act of Parliament. The Act offers power to an individual e.g. a Secretary of State or other body to make the point of interest of the law for Parliaments sake. For this reason, optional enactment is otherwise called appointed enactment. It takes various structures yet the most utilized kind of designated enactment takes the type of regulations or requests known as Statutory Instruments and commonly about 3,000 are made e very year. Auxiliary enactment is essential essentially on the grounds that there is not time for Parliament to manage all the subtle element of data, nor might they fundamentally have the obliged expert learning. There are parliamentary controls on auxiliary enactment in spite of the fact that these are in some cases censured for being inadequate. Delegated enactment has likewise been condemned for being undemocratic on the grounds that it might be made by unelected people, frequently without a formal conference prepare and with almost no attention. The English courts: It could be seen the House of Lords is the most elevated court in the UK and its choices must be upset by a choice of the ECJ or the European Court of Human Rights. (These recent two organizations can additionally upset the choices of the more level courts.) The House of Lords ought not be befuddled with the second authoritative council of Parliament. The House of Lords when sitting as the most senior re-app raising court, comprises of various Law Lords who hear offers which have been sent to them by the Court of Appeal and which they have, likewise, consented to listen. The course of the bolts in the chart, demonstrate comprehensively the way of bids upwards from the choices of the easier courts. After the House of Lords, the Court of Appeals choices are the most definitive and after those, the choices of the High Court. The framework whereby judges take after the choices of higher courts is known as the precept of point of reference and it is this practice that has prompted the improvement of the regular law. England is a regular law nation and a significant part of the particulars of the law and surely a percentage of the laws most fundamental standards are judge made, having been chosen in cases heard in the courts. The normal law can, obviously, be changed by statute. Judicial Precedent Quickly, legal point of reference implies that a chose guideline of law is followed in comparable cases until it is toppled or altered by a higher court. Where there is no past choice on a purpose of law then a court may settle on its own choice, which might then be advanced in the higher courts. When a higher court achieves a choice, that choice is tying on all more level courts in like-for-like cases. Courts must take after their choices, with the exception of the House of Lords and the High Court. The High Court must take after the choices of its Divisional Courts and normally the later of two clashing judgments. Statutory interpretation Judges also play a role in interpreting Acts of Parliament and secondary legislation. This is often necessary because words can sometimes have more than one meaning and so interpretation can be confusing or ambiguous. The traditional approach to statutory interpretation has been a literal approach where the words are given their plain, dictionary meaning. This stands in contrast to the approach that tends to be favoured in Europe, where judges look to interpret the purpose of the law makers. This is known as taking a purposive approach. The literal approach tends to produce a very gradual, conservative and restrictive attitude towards legal development; the idea being that judges should not make law but simply implement what Parliament has decided. It is now commonly accepted that judges do in fact make law and the purposive approach allows judges to interpret what they think Parliament was trying to achieve. It would be fair to say that there has been a steady move towards a more purposive approach in the English courts. However, the literal approach is still dominant and this is reflected in the various technical rules of statutory interpretation to ascertain the meaning of a statute and the rules to aid the interpretation of individual words. Systems of justice upheld and enforced by the courts The English legal system has a number of distinct systems of justice which operate internally a ccording to their own, often complex, procedures. Malaysian legal system: It is paramount that analysts ought to comprehend that much of Malaysias history is identified with Great Britain which built around the early states on the Malay Peninsula. In spite of the fact that the Dutch and Portuguese were the prior provinces, the British, who had ruled Malaya for more than one hundred and fifty with only one short interference of the World War II, left more amazing effect upon the law of the nation. The lawful history of Malaysia starts with the procurement of Penang in 1786 and with the presentation of the Charters of Justice in 1807, 1826 and 1855. The Federation of Malaya gained her freedom from the British in 1957. On September 16, 1963, the eleven states of the Federation of Malaya, the previous settlements of Sarawak and Sabah on the western shore of Borneo and the State of Singapore united to structure the Federation of Malaysia. In August 1965, in any case, Singapore w ithdrew from this recently shaped alliance to turn into an autonomous republic. Malaysia, as it is known today, comprises of the eleven peninsular states that constituted of Malaya (this is alluded to as peninsular Malaysia), Sabah and Sarawak. The gathering of English law gradually developed and created throughout the British colonization. On the other hand, the gathering of English law just got statutory after the proclamation of the Civil Law Enactment of 1937. There are three portions of times of which cutting edge Malaysian laws were made. Prewar law was made throughout the decentralization of Malay states (1866 to 1942). The Malay states around then were partitioned into three gatherings of states. There were the Straits Settlement (SS) gathering of states containing Penang, Malacca and Singapore, the Federated Malay States (FMS) aggregation of states involving Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang and the Unfederated Malay States (UMS) assembly of states embodying Jo hor, Kedah, Perlis, Terengganu and Kelantan. An understanding of the fundamental game plan of the current Malaysian legitimate framework and the idea of partition of (law-production) forces will aid you in seeing how Malaysian lawful assets are composed and found. In spite of the fact that the Malaysian lawful framework is prevalently dependent upon English normal law, there are additionally other optional legitimate frameworks simultaneously influencing certain areas of the law, for example, Islamic law and standard law. Accordingly, it is additionally essential for analysts to note to which locale and assembly of individuals that the law was designated for and whether the laws are still in energy. The legitimate arrangement of Malaysia was designed according to the English lawful framework which drills parliamentary popular government and is administered by a Constitutional Monarchy, with His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (the King) formally as the Head of the nation. Th e Yang di-Pertuan Agong is chosen by the Conference of Rulers for a five-year term from around the genetic Rulers of the nine states in the Federation which are governed by Sultans. The states are Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor, Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan. In alternate states, specifically Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Sabah and Sarawak, the Head of State is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor of the State. The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is named by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for a four-year term. The Federal Constitution of Malaysia plainly separates the law-production power of the Federation into its administrative power, legal power and official power. The division of force likewise happens both at elected and state levels. The elected laws ordered by the elected get together or otherwise called the Parliament of Malaysia applies all around the nation. There are additionally state laws legislating neighborhood governments and Islamic law authorized by the stat e administrative get together which applies in the specific state. Legislative Authority – Source of Primary Legislation Authoritative power is the ability to authorize laws pertinent to the Federation all in all under Article 66(1) of Federal Constitution. At Federal level, the administrative force is vested in a bicameral Parliament headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and includes the Dewan Negara (House of Senate) and Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives). The Dewan Negara has 70 parts, of whom 44 are assigned by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and 26 chose by the State Legislative Assemblies. The Dewan Rakyat is completely chosen and has 219 parts. The span of the life of every Parliament and State Legislatures is something like five years and is part into one-year sessions, after which the session is ended or prorogued generally in September. The dissemination of law-production power between the Federal and State Governments is listed in the Ninth Schedule of the F ederal Constitution; and is situated out in a Federal List, State List and a Concurrent List. The fundamental branches of knowledge of the Federal List are outside undertakings, protection, inside security, civil and criminal law, citizenship, back, trade and delivery industry, correspondences, wellbeing and work. The State List involves matters, for example, land, horticulture, ranger service, nearby government, riverine angling, Muslim law, and so forth. The Concurrent List, under power of both the Federal and State Governments, blankets social welfare, grants, assurance of natural life and town and nation arranging. Should any conflict between elected and state law exist, elected law overshadows state law. The Parliament creates an incredible number of productions holding law fundamentally the elected statutes which are authoritatively distributed in the Government Gazettes by the Government Printer. Most are made accessible in the Internet industrially and official sites. EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY Source of Subsidiary Legislation The Executive is vested with the power to administer and control the laws by method for assigned and drafts Bills as gave under Article 39 of the Federal Constitution. The ability to legislate that is vested in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is however exercisable by a Cabinet of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The Cabinet is responsible to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the head of Executive Authority in the nation. Every official demonstration of the Federal Government streams from his Royal power, whether specifically or by implication. Notwithstanding, as per the guideline of a just controlling framework, the Chief Executive is the Prime Minister. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong names a Cabinet a chamber of Ministers to inform him in the activity regarding his capacities. It comprises of the Prime Minister and an unspecified number of Ministers who should all be parts of Parliament either the Dewan Rakyat (House of Repr esentatives) or Dewan Negara (House of Senate). The Ministers consider diverse portfolios and are by and large answerable for all choices made by the Cabinet, which is the most astounding approach making body in the nation. To guarantee the smooth authorization of the law, the Government has set up different organizations to achieve its targets. The administration organizations are included three primary segments, in particular services, divisions and statutory bodies. At ecclesiastical level the capacities of the fundamental offices are to form, control and actualize government strategies; while at departmental levels the organizations are answerable for executing all the approaches. Orgs of statutory bodies are semi-government in structure and are answerable for completing obligations doled out to them to meet the legislatures approaches. Judicial Authority The Judiciary is engaged to hear and focus civil and criminal matters, and to settle on the lawfulness of any author itative or official goes about as gave under Article 125a of the Federal Constitution. It is additionally presented power by law to translate the Federal and State Constitutions. The courts can proclaim on the legitimacy or generally of any law passed by parliament and they can claim on the importance of any procurement of the constitution. The locale of the Malaysian courts is dictated by the Courts of Judicature Act 1964 for Superior Courts and the Subordinate Courts Act 1948 for Subordinate Courts The Malaysian Courts of Justice are made up of the Superior Courts and the Subordinate Courts. The Superior Courts involve the Federal Court (the most astounding court), the Court of Appeal and the two High Courts. By ideals of Act 121(1) of the Federal Constitution legal power in the Federation is vested on two High Courts of Coordinate ward and status specifically the High Court of Malaya for Peninsular Malaysia and the High Court of Borneo for Sabah and Sarawak. The Federal Cou rt of Malaysia is the Supreme Court and most noteworthy legal power in the nation and the last court of advance in Malaysia. When 1957, the name Incomparable Court was utilized to allude to the most elevated court for Malaysia next underneath the Privy Council. The Supreme Court was renamed the Federal Court of Malaysia powerful from 24 June 1994, and is presently the last court of offer for Malaysia. The Federal Court surveys choices alluded from the Court of Appeal; it has unique purview in protected matters and in question between states or between the national government and a state. When 1 January 1985, the Federal Court was the most astounding court in the nation however its choices were further appealable to the Privy Council in London. In any case, on 1 January 1978, Privy Council requests in criminal and established matters were annulled and on 1 January 1985, all different claims i.e. common claims, with the exception of those recorded before that date, were annulled. C onclusion: Surely, we served to exhibit the need of such a framework in a flourishing majority rule government. Society needs both a hearty but then adaptable legitimate framework which can keep up open certainty and additionally adjust to new tests. We have analyzed the wellsprings of English law and Malaysia low and likewise seen something of how those laws are connected, deciphered and upheld in practice, especially through the criminal and civil equity frameworks. It is inconceivable in such a short article to go into the details of the internal workings of those two frameworks of equity however surely. Reference list Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparison between English Law framework and Malaysian Law framework" essay for you Create order à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · A first look at the Malaysian Legal system,Oxford Wan Afah Hamzah 2009 English Legal System Lawcards, 2012-2013 Routledge, 2011 Constitutional and Administrative Law, 10th Edition Hilaire Barnett, Routledge, 2013 Legal English, 3rd edition Rupert Haigh, Routledge, 2012 1

Should Fda Promote More Process Analytical Technology And...

Should FDA promote more Process Analytical Technology and Quality by Design approaches for more successful impact on manufacturers’ ability to maintain consistent quality? The Process analytical technology (PAT) and Quality by design (QbD) approaches are used to create quality in a product. Each approach offers manufacturers the framework to create consistent quality and potential to increase efficiency in the production of a drug product. The two approaches offer some key issues: increased product knowledge and understanding but critical to identify the correct quality attribute; offer flexibility in the post-approval of a product but the acceptance of concept can be challenging; and can create a more efficient process but very expensive†¦show more content†¦The QTTP identifies critical quality attributes (CQAs), which establish a limit or range to ensure a desired process quality. The QTTP also identifies the critical process parameters (CPPs), which are used to monitor or control a process to ensure the process produce the desired quality on a CQA. The QbD works within the design space to achieve a process that performs consistent to CQAs and CPPs affect on overall quality. A control strategy is used to ensure quality in the product is maintained throughout the process and all phases of the product lifecycle. QbD can be used throughout the entire lifecycle to improve efficiency and quality of the product. The process analytical technology approach involves process understanding combined with monitoring in-process product attributes in real time by adjusting process parameters to build quality in a product. The PAT approach combines process understanding, principles and tools, and strategy for implementation. Principal understandings consist of understanding the variability of critical sources, managing the process variables, and product quality is accurately predicted through the design space. The PAT principles and tools help companies understand the physical, chemical, and biological attributes, which provides information for process understanding. The knowledge acquired from implementing process understanding and principles and tools are used to develop a strategy for implementation. Why

Analysis of National and Cultural Stereotypes Free Essays

Academic English for Business and Management Compare and contrast the two articles, making clear your criteria for comparison. To what extent do these articles show that national and cultural stereotypes are no longer a useful way of examining the human condition and economic activity? Choose an element in the articles which you find interesting and explain your reaction to it by giving examples from your own experience. Your full name: Binjie He Word count: 1152 As the development of globalization, world becomes smaller and smaller. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of National and Cultural Stereotypes or any similar topic only for you Order Now People who lived with each other become closer. Meanwhile, international trade is booming, and products could be bought in supermarkets from almost every area in the world. As a result, national and cultural stereotypes attract more attentions than ever before. This essay will compare and contrast two articles, â€Å"East meets west† (Yong, 2009) and â€Å"International Communication† (Piller, 2011), discuss the two authors’ opinions towards national and cultural stereotypes and present my own opinion from personal experience. However, before the discussion I will summarize the similarities and differences based on their type, audience, tone, structure, focus and the attitude to stereotypes. The final section will give an example of Haier, China. My aim is to eliminate people’s misunderstanding of stereotypes. There are two similarities according to the two articles. Firstly, both the two articles describe different reactions of people belonging to the same situation from different countries through examples. Secondly, both of them admit that the mindsets of people are different from various areas, and offer evidences for national and cultural stereotypes. As well as the above-mentioned similarities, there are several differences. At first, the types of these articles are various. Yong’s is an article, while Piller’s is a textbook. Next, the audiences of Yong’s are general public and interested amateurs. On the contrary, Piller’s are students and academics. In terms of the tone, Yong appeared to be a professor, while Piller spoke as a friend of the audiences. What’s more, Yong states the opular notions and his own opinion at the beginning of the article. He cites several experiments which supported popular stereotypes, then recent research is used to prove his opinion in the body, and a conclusion of his view is presented at the end of the article. Piller’s structure differs from Yong’s in that Piller gives an overview of the article at fir st, positive and negative examples are enumerated in the middle, and finally key points of the article are clearly listed. Moreover, the focuses of these articles are different. Except stereotypes, Yong emphasizes much on psychology. Conversely, Piller pays more attention on business, especially advertising. What’s interesting is that Yong opposed to stereotypes, which is different from Piller. The comparison of the two articles have been clear, and it will be vital to discuss to what extent do these articles show that national and cultural stereotypes can contribute to the human condition and economic activity. Yong doesn’t agree with stereotypes in his article. He argues the popular stereotypes that easterners and westerners have distinct world views are far too simplistic. There are pieces of research he conducted as follows. First of all, Yong agrees it is the contexts that evoke people’s mindset rather than history. Then, he suggests â€Å"while the psychology of westerners may be superficially distinct from easterners, when social isolation is an issue there is little difference between the two† (Yong, 2009, p. 34). It is indicated in Trey Hedden’s research that east Asians used the same brain areas with Americans when working harder, and people had to think harder to perform tasks outside their cultural comfort zone. Which was also found by Hedden is that it’s easy to flip between different modes of thinking in people with roots in more than one culture (Yong, 2009). It is generally said that easterners have a holistic world view and westerners are more analytical, while Yong reveals â€Å"we are all capable of both analytic and holistic thought† (Yong, 2009, p. 35). Greatly various from Yong, Piller argues that the stereotypes in advertising should be better utilized. She believes the use of language other than the national one is the key means to achieve intercultural commodification rather in branding and promotion. The most significant she stated is that although the commercial use of English rarely connoted an ethno-cultural stereotype, the use of other languages can connote stereotypes, which is beneficial for advertising. In the same way, the using of exotic languages in brands and advertising is popular in China. One of the examples is Chinese famous major appliances brand Haier. The company only had a Chinese name at its first stage. As the development of business, it entitled an English name of ‘Haier’, which is a word does not function linguistically in English but the pronunciation of it is similar to its Chinese name. What’s more, it seemed modern and international to the customers and easy for them to distinguish it from all the national brands at that time. It is also the first step to be an international enterprise to Haier. After that, the brand Haier was gradually accepted in and abroad. Up to now, Haier has been providing customers with high quality products for 27 years and is the number one brand of Major Appliances in the world with 7. 8% retail volume share in 2011. It also ranks number one for several of its product ranges including refrigeration appliances, home laundry appliances and electric wine cellars. As a forerunner in the industry, Haier emphasize much on customers’ needs and innovation. Since different people will have various requirements to the same appliance, what is the most important is satisfying the needs of local customers. Their global presence allows Haier to localise their production and build high-quality products tailored to local needs. Such examples about language using in brands and advertising are too numerous to mention one by one. Another element that I interested in is cultural differences’ relationship to logic, which apparent obviously in China. Logic is based on education and culture. â€Å"Harmony† is our traditional mindset which is taught at their early ages. That’s why Chinese always try to find a middle ground between two opposing positions to avoid conflicts. That’s why most Chinese students assessed the situation from both sides and try to reconcile the differences between mothers and daughters, while Americans are tend to inclined to reject one proposition for the other (Yong, 2009). Owing to this mindset, Chinese are afraid to be different from others. They want to be the â€Å"middle† people, who are neither the first, nor the last. In conclusion, I agree with the two authors’ opinions in these articles. As far as I am concerned, we should avoid racism because there are few differences between easterners and westerners. It is hoped that national and cultural stereotypes could be used on a positive way. In recent days, numberless examples of the using of languages in brands and advertising could be seen everywhere. What we should not ignore is that numerous of exotic languages benefit advertising a lot if sed properly and accurately. In my opinion, if an English name was used in brands or advertising, people could distinguish it from other national brands easily, and an international stereotype could also functional well. Finally, people’s logic is greatly based on their education and culture. It is the â€Å"harmony† education in China that makes Chinese ‘middle’ people. References Piller, I. (2011) ‘Intercultural Communication for sale’ in Intercultural Communication: A Critical Introduction. Edinburgh University Press Yong, E. (2009) ‘East meets west’ New Scientist March 2009 issue How to cite Analysis of National and Cultural Stereotypes, Essay examples